Iso-bispectral potentials for Sturm-Liouville-type operators with small delay

Abstract

In recent years, there appeared a considerable interest in the inverse spectral theory for functional-differential operators with constant delay. In particular, it is well known that, for each fixed $\nu\in\{0,1\},$ the spectra of two operators generated by one and the expression $-y''(x)+q(x)y(x-a)$ and the boundary conditions $y^{(\nu)}(0)=y^{(j)}(\pi)=0,$ $j=0,1,$ uniquely determine the complex-valued square-integrable potential $q(x)$ vanishing on $(0,a)$ as soon as $a\in[\pi/2,\pi).$ For $a<\pi/2,$ the main equation of the corresponding inverse problem is nonlinear, and it actually became the basic question of the inverse spectral theory for Sturm-Liouville operators with constant delay whether the uniqueness holds also in this nonlinear case. A few years ago, a positive answer was obtained for $a\in[2\pi/5,\pi/2).$ Recently, the authors gave, however, a negative answer for $a\in[\pi/3,2\pi/5)$ by constructing infinite families of iso-bispectral potentials. Meanwhile, the question remained open for the most difficult nonlinear case $a\in(0,\pi/3),$ allowing the parameter $a$ to approach the classical situation $a=0,$ in which the uniqueness is well known. In the present paper, we address this gap and give a negative answer in this remarkable case by constructing appropriate iso-bispectral potentials.