The level repulsion exponent of localized chaotic eigenstates as a function of the classical transport time scales in the stadium billiard

Abstract

We study the aspects of quantum localization in the stadium billiard, which is a classically chaotic ergodic system, but in the regime of slightly distorted circle billiard the diffusion in the momentum space is very slow. In quantum systems with discrete energy spectrum the Heisenberg time $t_H =2\pi \hbar/\Delta E$, where $\Delta E$ is the mean level spacing (inverse energy level density), is an important time scale. The classical transport time scale $t_T$ (diffusion time) in relation to the Heisenberg time scale $t_H$ (their ratio is the parameter $\alpha=t_H/t_T$) determines the degree of localization of the chaotic eigenstates, whose measure $A$ is based on the information entropy. The localization of chaotic eigenstates is reflected also in the fractional power-law repulsion between the nearest energy levels in the sense that the probability density (level spacing distribution) to find successive levels on a distance $S$ goes like $\propto S^\beta$ for small $S$, where $0\leq\beta\leq1$, and $\beta=1$ corresponds to completely extended states. We show that the level repulsion exponent $\beta$ is a unique rational function of $\alpha$, and $A$ is a unique rational function of $\alpha$. $\beta$ goes from $0$ to $1$ when $\alpha$ goes from $0$ to $\infty$. Also, $\beta$ is a linear function of $A$, which is similar as in the quantum kicked rotator, but different from a mixed type billiard.