Freeze-in production of sterile neutrino dark matter in a gauged U$(1)^\prime$ model with inverse seesaw

Abstract

We consider a general, anomaly free U$(1)^\prime$ extension of the Standard Model (SM) where the neutrino mass is generated at the tree level via the inverse seesaw mechanism. The model contains three right handed neutrinos, three additional singlet fermions, one extra complex scalar and a neutral gauge boson $(Z^\prime)$. Instead of resorting to a specific $U(1)$ extension, we consider a class of models by taking the $U(1)^\prime$ charges of the scalars to be free parameters. Here, we assign one pair of the pseudo-Dirac degenerate sterile neutrinos as Dark Matter (DM) candidates which are produced by the freeze-in mechanism. Considering different mass regimes of the DM, $Z^\prime$ and reheating temperature, we obtain constraints on the $U(1)^\prime$ charges giving the correct relic abundance. We have also obtained constraints on $Z^\prime$ mass and coupling from consideration of relic density as well as high energy collider experiments like ATLAS in case of heavy $Z^\prime$ or in intensity and lifetime frontier experiments like DUNE, FASERs, and ILC beam dump which are looking for light $Z^\prime$. Additionally, in this model, the decay of pseudo-Dirac DM into active neutrinos can explain the 511 keV line observed by the INTEGRAL satellite.