The repetends of reduced fractions $a/b^k$ approach full complexity with an increasing $k$

Josefina López; Peter Stoll

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arXiv · 2105.06513

The repetends of reduced fractions $a/b^k$ approach full complexity with an increasing $k$

Josefina López·Peter Stoll

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Abstract

In this paper, we prove a criterion for complexity in $g$-ary expansions of a rational fraction $a/b<1$ with gcd$(a,b)=1$. We prove that for any purely periodic proper fraction $a/b$ and all $j\geq 1$, each sequence of $j$ digits occurs in the $g$-ary repetend of $a/b^k$ with a relative frequency that approaches $1/g^j$ with an increasing $k$. The absolute frequencies can be calculated by means of a simple transition matrix. Let $(a_k)$ be a sequence of positive integers relatively prime to $b$. We prove that each sequence of $j$ digits occurs in the $g$-ary repetend of $a_k/b^k$ with a relative frequency that approaches $1/g^j$ with an increasing $k$, unless all prime factors of $b$ divide the base $g\geq 2$.

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Josefina López, Peter Stoll. 2021-05-13. The repetends of reduced fractions $a/b^k$ approach full complexity with an increasing $k$. https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.06513

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