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arXiv · 2105.15049

Shifted sums of the Bernoulli numbers, reciprocity, and denominators

Bernd C. Kellner
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Abstract

We consider the numbers $\mathcal{B}_{r,s} = (\mathbf{B}+1)^r \mathbf{B}^s$ (in umbral notation $\mathbf{B}^n = \mathbf{B}_n$ with the Bernoulli numbers) that have a well-known reciprocity relation, which is frequently found in the literature and goes back to the 19th century. In a recent paper, self-reciprocal Bernoulli polynomials, whose coefficients are related to these numbers, appeared in the context of power sums and the so-called Faulhaber polynomials. The numbers $\mathcal{B}_{r,s}$ can be recursively expressed by iterated sums and differences, so it is not obvious that these numbers do not vanish in general. As a main result among other properties, we show the non-vanishing of these numbers, apart from exceptional cases. We further derive an explicit product formula for their denominators, which follows from a von Staudt--Clausen type relation.

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Bernd C. Kellner. 2021-05-31. Shifted sums of the Bernoulli numbers, reciprocity, and denominators. https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.15049

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