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arXiv · 2107.12607

Ultra high-energy cosmic rays from beyond the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz'min horizon

Ellis R. Owen·Qin Han·Kinwah Wu·Y. X. Jane Yap·Pooja Surajbali
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Abstract

Ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic rays (CRs) of energies $\sim (10^{18}-10^{20})~{\rm eV}$, accelerated in violent astrophysical environments, interact with cosmic background radiation fields via photo-hadronic processes, leading to strong attenuation. Typically, the Universe would become `opaque' to UHE CRs after several tens of Mpc, setting the boundary of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz'min (GZK) horizon. In this work, we investigate the contribution of sources beyond the conventional GZK horizon to the UHE CR flux observed on Earth, when photo-spallation of the heavy nuclear CRs is taken into account. We demonstrate this contribution is substantial, despite the strong attenuation of UHE CRs. A significant consequence is the emergence of an isotropic background component in the observed flux of UHE CRs, coexisting with the anisotropic foreground component that are associated with nearby sources. Multi-particle CR horizons, which evolve over redshift, are determined by the CR nuclear composition. Thus, they are dependent on the source populations and source evolutionary histories.

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Ellis R. Owen, Qin Han, Kinwah Wu, Y. X. Jane Yap, Pooja Surajbali. 2021-07-27. Ultra high-energy cosmic rays from beyond the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz'min horizon. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac185c

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