Long-lived quantum coherent dynamics of a $\Lambda$-system driven by a thermal environment

Abstract

We present a theoretical study of quantum coherent dynamics of a three-level $\Lambda$ system driven by a thermal environment (such as blackbody radiation), which serves as an essential building block of photosynthetic light-harvesting models and quantum heat engines. By solving the nonsecular Bloch-Redfield master equations, we obtain analytical results for the ground-state population and coherence dynamics and classify the dynamical regimes of the incoherently driven $\Lambda$-system as underdamped and overdamped depending on whether the ratio $\Delta/[r f(p)]$ is greater or less than one, where $\Delta$ is the ground-state energy splitting, $r$ is the incoherent pumping rate, and $f(p)$ is a function of the transition dipole alignment parameter $p$. In the underdamped regime, we observe long-lived coherent dynamics that lasts for $\tau_c\simeq 1/r$, even though the initial state of the $\Lambda$-system contains no coherences in the energy basis. In the overdamped regime for $p = 1$, we observe the emergence of coherent quasi-steady states with the lifetime $\tau_{c} = 1.34 (r/\Delta^{2})$, which have low von Neumann entropy compared to the conventional thermal states. We propose an experimental scenario for observing noise-induced coherent dynamics in metastable He$^*$ atoms driven by x-polarized incoherent light. Our results suggest that thermal excitations can generate experimentally observable long-lived quantum coherent dynamics in the ground-state subspace of atomic and molecular $\Lambda$ systems in the absence of coherent driving.