Transient ordering in the Gross-Pitaevskii lattice subject to an energy quench within the disordered phase

Abstract

We numerically investigate heating-and-cooling quenches taking place entirely in the non-ordered phase of the discrete Gross-Pitaevskii equation on a three-dimensional cubic lattice. In equilibrium, this system exhibits a U(1)-ordering phase transition at an energy density which is significantly lower than the minimum one during the quench. Yet, we observe that the post-quench relaxation is accompanied by a transient U(1) ordering, namely, the correlation length of U(1) fluctuations significantly exceeds its equilibrium pre-quench value. The longer and the stronger the heating stage of the quench, the stronger the U(1) transient ordering. We identify the origin of this ordering with the emergence of a small group of slowly relaxing lattice sites accumulating a large fraction of the total energy of the system. Our findings suggest that the transient ordering may be a robust feature of a broad class of physical systems. This premise is consistent with the growing experimental evidence of the transient U(1) order in rather dissimilar settings.