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arXiv · 2109.04648

Two Nambu-Goldstone zero modes for rotating Bose-Einstein condensates

Rodney E. S. Polkinghorne·Tapio P. Simula
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Abstract

We consider rotating finite size vortex arrays in Bose-Einstein condensates that are confined by cylindrically symmetric external potentials. We show that such systems possess two exact Nambu-Goldstone zero modes associated with two spontaneously broken continuous symmetries of the system. We verify our analytical result via direct numerical diagonalizations of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. We conclude by comparing rotating vortex lattices in superfluids to supersolids and discrete time crystals.

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Rodney E. S. Polkinghorne, Tapio P. Simula. 2021-09-10. Two Nambu-Goldstone zero modes for rotating Bose-Einstein condensates. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.104.l061301

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