Searcharxiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2112.07487

Simulation of a high-energy electron beam transmission through titanium and Kapton$^\circledR$ thin films

Tetiana Malykhina·Stepan Karpus·Oleg Shopen·Valerii Prystupa
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

The results of computer simulation of the high-energy electrons passage through thin layers of titanium (Ti) and polyimide Kapton$^\circledR$ in the energy range from 3 to 20 MeV are presented. Simulation is carried out using the Geant4 toolkit. The thickness of the Ti foil in the model experiment is 50 microns, the thickness of the Kapton$^\circledR$ film is 110 microns. The purpose of the calculations is to reveal the possibility of using the Kapton$^\circledR$ film in the output devices of linear electron accelerators. It was necessary to calculate the probable values of the energy absorbed in a Kapton$^\circledR$ film and in a Ti foil for each value of primary electrons energy. Another important characteristic is the divergence radius of the electron beam at a predetermined distance from the film, or the electron scattering angle. As a result of calculations, the energy spectra of bremsstrahlung gamma-quanta, formed during the passage of electrons through the materials of the films, are obtained. The most probable values of the energy absorbed in the Ti foil and in the Kapton$^\circledR$ film are calculated. The scattering radii of an electron beam for the Kapton$^\circledR$ film and also for the Ti foil at a distance of 20 cm are estimated. It is shown that the ratio of the total amount of bremsstrahlung gamma quanta in the case of use the Kapton$^\circledR$ film is approximately 0.56 of the total amount of bremsstrahlung gamma quanta when using the Ti foil. The analysis of the calculated data showed that the use of Kapton$^\circledR$ as a material for the manufacture of output devices for high-energy electron beams is more preferable in comparison to Ti films. The use of Kapton$^\circledR$ instead of Ti makes it possible to significantly reduce the background of the generated bremsstrahlung gamma quanta and reduce the scattering radius of the electron beam.

Explore related subjects

physics.acc-phphysics.comp-ph

Keep this discovery

BibTeXRIS

Tetiana Malykhina, Stepan Karpus, Oleg Shopen, Valerii Prystupa. 2021-12-14. Simulation of a high-energy electron beam transmission through titanium and Kapton$^\circledR$ thin films. https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2021-4-15

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Coupling periodic-cell and finite-bunch dynamics for structured photocathodes

Patterning a photocathode with submicrometre features can enhance nonlinear photoemission by concentrating the optical field, but the surface geometry can also increase the transverse momentum spread of the emitted electrons. Resolving nanoscale surface fields across an injector-scale illuminated area within a full rf gun simulation is computationally demanding. To couple these scales, we developed an approach which combines a self-consistent finite flat-cathode calculation with the particle-resolved difference between matched structured and flat periodic calculations. The finite calculation determines the macroscopic bunch evolution and space-charge field. The periodic difference determines the local change caused by the surface. For a finite but relatively small test problem, comparison with a fully resolved finite-array WarpX calculation gives differences of 1.3% in rms energy spread and less than 0.1% in projected normalized emittance. We then apply the method to representative FEL photoinjector parameters with a 100 pC emitted source distributed over more than half a million periods, and track the composed bunch through an L-band rf gun and solenoid. The initial difference between the projected horizontal and vertical emittances becomes much smaller after rf acceleration and solenoid focusing. At 1.52 m downstream of the cathode, the projected emittances are nearly equal and exceed those of the matched flat-cathode reference by less than 2% in both planes. The central-slice emittances exceed the reference values by approximately 3% horizontally and 5% vertically.

physics.acc-ph↗
arXiv2026

Physics-Informed Drift Diagnosis for Laser-Plasma Accelerator Operations

Laser-plasma accelerators (LPAs) sustain accelerating gradients of order $100\,\mathrm{GV/m}$, but routine operation remains difficult: electron beam metrics drift over an operating shift, and the root physical cause is often invisible to the available diagnostics. We formulate LPA operation as a latent state-space model in which three effective interaction-point variables, the normalized laser amplitude $a_0$, the normalized plasma electron density $\tilde n_e$ and the residual pulse chirp $\mathcal{C}$, are inferred from routine electron beam observations by an extended Kalman filter. The emission model, which maps the latent state to the diagnostics, is kept structurally separate from the {transition} model, which describes how the latent state evolves between shots. The separation supports diagnosis in two stages, one asking which latent variable moved and one asking what moved it. The implemented emission model is a toy model, yielding an expected performance in line with current facilities and using 3D blow-out regime dependencies where relevant. We conduct synthetic sessions to test the effectiveness of the detection and attribution protocols, finding that attribution is limited by excitation rather than by shot count or diagnostic resolution. Because the construction needs only a set of physical latent variables, an emission model and a family of hardware-derived transition models, it transfers to other drift-prone subsystems. We argue that the accuracy of the whole procedure is limited by the emission model rather than by the inference method.

physics.acc-ph↗
arXiv2026

Turn-by-turn Tune Analysis Using Adaptive BPM Ensembles in the Fermilab Mu2e Delivery Ring*

The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab requires stable resonant slow extraction from the Delivery Ring, making reliable tune monitoring an important operational diagnostic. This work investigates BPM-based tune-candidate extraction using synchronized turn-by-turn position data distributed across multiple digitizers. Each spill contains approximately 50,000 turns from many BPMs in both transverse planes, enabling spectral analysis of tune-like structure. The analysis captures coherent spill snapshots, verifies synchronization using stream timestamps, and computes tune candidates in configurable horizontal and vertical tune bands. Rather than relying on a single BPM or fixed BPM list, it evaluates BPM quality on a spill-by-spill basis and selects small adaptive BPM ensembles. A multi- spill study shows that tune observability is distributed and dynamic rather than concentrated in one globally optimal BPM. Adaptive ensembles improve tune-candidate quality compared with single-BPM selections, with the clearest results in the vertical plane. The horizontal plane shows useful ranking structure but weaker visibility under present thresholds. Direct evaluation of fixed global BPM sets shows that static selections do not reproduce dynamic per-spill performance. These results motivate an adaptive BPM-ensemble approach for Delivery Ring tune analysis using selected BPM subsets, confidence metrics, and quality flags rather than a single preferred BPM or fixed BPM list.

physics.acc-ph↗