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arXiv · 2112.11018

A Theoretical View of Linear Backpropagation and Its Convergence

Ziang Li·Yiwen Guo·Haodi Liu·Changshui Zhang
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Abstract

Backpropagation (BP) is widely used for calculating gradients in deep neural networks (DNNs). Applied often along with stochastic gradient descent (SGD) or its variants, BP is considered as a de-facto choice in a variety of machine learning tasks including DNN training and adversarial attack/defense. Recently, a linear variant of BP named LinBP was introduced for generating more transferable adversarial examples for performing black-box attacks, by Guo et al. Although it has been shown empirically effective in black-box attacks, theoretical studies and convergence analyses of such a method is lacking. This paper serves as a complement and somewhat an extension to Guo et al.'s paper, by providing theoretical analyses on LinBP in neural-network-involved learning tasks, including adversarial attack and model training. We demonstrate that, somewhat surprisingly, LinBP can lead to faster convergence in these tasks in the same hyper-parameter settings, compared to BP. We confirm our theoretical results with extensive experiments.

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Ziang Li, Yiwen Guo, Haodi Liu, Changshui Zhang. 2021-12-21. A Theoretical View of Linear Backpropagation and Its Convergence. https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.11018

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