On Milnor and Tjurina numbers of foliations

Abstract

We study the relationship between the Milnor and Tjurina numbers of a singular foliation $\mathcal{F}$, in the complex plane, with respect to a balanced divisor of separatrices $\mathcal{B}$ for $\mathcal{F}$. For that, we associate with $\mathcal{F}$ a new number called the $\chi$-number and we prove that it is a $C^{1}$ invariant for holomorphic foliations. We compute the polar excess number of $\mathcal{F}$ with respect to a balanced divisor of separatrices $\mathcal{B}$ for $\mathcal{F}$, via the Milnor number of the foliation, the multiplicity of some hamiltonian foliations along the separatrices in the support of $\mathcal{B}$ and the $\chi$-number of $\mathcal{F}$. On the other hand, we generalize, in the plane case and the formal context, the well-known result of G\'omez-Mont given in the holomorphic context, which establishes the equality between the GSV-index of the foliation and the difference between the Tjurina number of the foliation and the Tjurina number of a set of separatrices of $\mathcal{F}$. Finally, we state numerical relationships between some classic indices, as Baum-Bott, Camacho-Sad, and variational indices of a singular foliation and its Milnor and Tjurina numbers; and we obtain a bound for the sum of Milnor numbers of the local separatrices of a holomorphic foliation on the complex projective plane.