Entropy-efficient finitary codings

Abstract

We show that any finite-entropy, countable-valued finitary factor of an i.i.d process can also be expressed as a finitary factor of a finite-valued i.i.d process whose entropy is arbitrarily close to the target process. As an application, we give an affirmative answer to a question of van den Berg and Steif about the critical Ising model on $\mathbb{Z}^d$. En route, we prove several results about finitary isomorphisms and finitary factors. Our results are developed in a new framework for processes invariant to a permutation group of a countable set satisfying specific properties. This new framework includes all ``classical'' processes over countable amenable groups and all invariant processes on transitive amenable graphs with ``uniquely centered balls''. Some of our results are new already for $\mathbb{Z}$-processes. We prove a relative version of Smorodinsky's isomorphism theorem for finitely dependent $\mathbb{Z}$-processes. We also extend the Keane--Smorodinsky finitary isomorphism theorem to countable-valued i.i.d processes and to i.i.d processes taking values in a Polish space.