Mean Curvature Rigidity and Non-rigidity Results on Spherical Caps

Abstract

We prove that a hemisphere in the Euclidean space $R^{n+1}$, viewed as the graph of a function, admits no smooth perturbations as graphs with mean curvature $H\ge 1$ whose boundary equator is fixed up to $C^2$. This is an extension of the \emph{Mean Curvature Rigidity} phenomenon discovered by Gromov and Souam on non-compact totally umbilic hypersurfaces in space forms. The proof uses a Tangency Principle. On the other hand, we show that there exist nontrivial smooth perturbations with $H\ge 1$ on a great spherical cap whose boundary is fixed up to $C^2$. Similar results hold true for perturbations decreasing $H$, and for the $r$ mean curvature function $H_r$. This contrast between rigidity and non-rigidity is even true in the 1-dimensional case for circles and for discrete objects (polygons inscribed in a circle).