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arXiv · 2204.00093

The Spectrum of Triangle-free Graphs

József Balogh·Felix Christian Clemen·Bernard Lidický·Sergey Norin·Jan Volec
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Abstract

Denote by $q_n(G)$ the smallest eigenvalue of the signless Laplacian matrix of an $n$-vertex graph $G$. Brandt conjectured in 1997 that for regular triangle-free graphs $q_n(G) \leq \frac{4n}{25}$. We prove a stronger result: If $G$ is a triangle-free graph then $q_n(G) \leq \frac{15n}{94}< \frac{4n}{25}$. Brandt's conjecture is a subproblem of two famous conjectures of Erd\H{o}s: (1) Sparse-Half-Conjecture: Every $n$-vertex triangle-free graph has a subset of vertices of size $\left\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\right\rfloor$ spanning at most $n^2/50$ edges. (2) Every $n$-vertex triangle-free graph can be made bipartite by removing at most $n^2/25$ edges. In our proof we use linear algebraic methods to upper bound $q_n(G)$ by the ratio between the number of induced paths with 3 and 4 vertices. We give an upper bound on this ratio via the method of flag algebras.

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József Balogh, Felix Christian Clemen, Bernard Lidický, Sergey Norin, Jan Volec. 2022-03-31. The Spectrum of Triangle-free Graphs. https://doi.org/10.1137/22m150767x

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