Searcharxiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2205.04925

Level-crossing resonances on open atomic transitions in a buffered Cs vapor cell: Linewidth narrowing, high contrast and applications to atomic magnetometry

D. V. Brazhnikov·V. I. Vishnyakov·A. N. Goncharov·E. Alipieva·C. Andreeva·E. Taskova
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

The ground-state Hanle effect (GSHE) in alkali-metal atomic vapors using a single circularly polarized wave underlies one of the most robust and simplest techniques in atomic magnetometry. This effect causes a narrow (subnatural-width) resonance in the light wave intensity transmitted through a vapor cell. Usually, GSHE-based sensors operate in the spin-exchange-relaxation-free (SERF) regime. However, this regime requires a relatively high temperature of vapors (150 C or higher), leading to a relatively large heat release and power consumption of the sensor head. Besides, without applying special measures, SERF regime significantly limits a dynamic range of measurements. Here, we study a pump-probe scheme involving a single elliptically polarized wave and a polarimetric detection technique. The wave is in resonance with two adjacent optical transitions in the cesium D1 line (894.6 nm) owing to their overlapping in presence of a buffer gas (Ne, 130 Torr). Using a small (0.1 cm$^3$) glass vapor cell, we demonstrate a possibility of observing subnatural-width resonances with a high contrast-to-width ratio (up to 45 %/mG) under a low-temperature (60 C) regime of operation thanks to a strong light-induced circular dichroism. Basing on a $\Lambda$ scheme of atomic energy levels, we obtain explicit analytical expressions for the line shape. The model reveals a linewidth narrowing effect due to openness of the scheme. This result is unusual for magneto-optical atomic spectroscopy because the openness is commonly considered as a undesirable effect, degrading the resonance characteristics. We estimate a sensitivity of 1.8 pT/$\surd$Hz with a 60 fT/$\surd$Hz sensitivity in the photon-shot-noise limit. The results contribute to the theory of GSHE resonances and can be applied to development of a low-temperature high-sensitivity miniaturized magnetic field sensor with an extended dynamic range.

Explore related subjects

physics.atom-ph

Keep this discovery

BibTeXRIS

D. V. Brazhnikov, V. I. Vishnyakov, A. N. Goncharov, E. Alipieva, C. Andreeva, E. Taskova. 2022-05-10. Level-crossing resonances on open atomic transitions in a buffered Cs vapor cell: Linewidth narrowing, high contrast and applications to atomic magnetometry. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.106.013113

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Delay-engineered dynamical phases in a programmable non-Markovian spin oscillator

Non-Markovian dynamics offer a new route towards engineering non-equilibrium matter, where memory and feedback act as programmable resources for controlling order in time. Here we report the realization of a non-Markovian spin oscillator in a hot vapour $^{129}$Xe-Cs co-magnetometer with programmable feedback delay and gain. By tuning these parameters, we observe a hierarchy of dynamical phases, including time-crystalline response, nonlinear bifurcations, and frequency-comb formation. The measured spectra and phase boundaries are captured by linear stability analysis of delayed Bloch equations, revealing these phenomena as different manifestations of the same memory-induced instability structure. These results establish time-delayed feedback as a powerful strategy for controlling non-equilibrium phases, enabling quantum sensing, frequency referencing, and synchronization within a single spin-based platform.

physics.atom-ph↗
arXiv2026

Non-stick vacuum wall collisions with a laser-coolable molecule

Molecular species that are suitable for direct laser cooling are typically considered lost or destroyed if they collide with an ambient temperature vacuum wall. Here, we study surface collisions with aluminum monofluoride (AlF), a laser-coolable molecule that survives this process with unusually high probability. We detect the outgoing AlF molecules from a single wall collision via Doppler-sensitive laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy, using incoming supersonic (pulsed) and thermochemical (continuous) molecular beams. The angular, velocity and rovibrational level distributions of the outgoing molecules show near-complete thermalisation to the wall in a single collision event. We determine an upper limit to the surface residence time of about 5$~\mu$s, and by monitoring the decay in density of pulses of molecules loaded into a small storage volume, we deduce the surface sticking probability for different materials. For a siloxane-coated metallic surface, the sticking probability of AlF is about 0.015, allowing us to accumulate molecules from the thermochemical source into an ambient temperature storage vessel at densities near $10^{8}~$cm$^{-3}$. This provides a route to compact, portable traps for neutral molecules.

physics.atom-ph↗
arXiv2026

Kinetic modeling of molecular beam formation in a cryogenic buffer-gas cell

Cryogenic buffer-gas cells are widely used to produce cold molecular beams, but the microscopic dynamics governing beam formation remain challenging to model. Here we present fully kinetic simulations of a cryogenic buffer-gas cell using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method implemented in the PICLas framework, treating the buffer gas and ablated molecules within a single unified model. We capture characteristic features of cryogenic buffer-gas sources, including plume cooling, directed transport toward the aperture, and the formation of a slow molecular beam, while also resolving energy transfer from the hot ablation plume to the helium buffer gas that is inaccessible to existing approaches relying on the background-gas approximation. Our results demonstrate that fully kinetic simulations can provide detailed insights into buffer-gas cell dynamics and open a route toward a systematic optimization of such sources.

physics.atom-ph↗