A hyper flare of a weeks-old magnetar born from a binary-neutron-star merger

B. -B. Zhang; Z. J. Zhang; J. -H. Zou; X. I. Wang; Y. -H. Yang; J. -S. Wang; J. Yang; Z. -K. Liu; Z. -K. Peng; Y. -S. Yang; Z. -H. Li; Y. -C. Ma; B. Zhang

arXiv · 2205.07670

A hyper flare of a weeks-old magnetar born from a binary-neutron-star merger

B. -B. Zhang·Z. J. Zhang·J. -H. Zou·X. I. Wang·Y. -H. Yang·J. -S. Wang·J. Yang·Z. -K. Liu·Z. -K. Peng·Y. -S. Yang·Z. -H. Li·Y. -C. Ma·B. Zhang

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Abstract

Magnetars, a population of isolated neutron stars with ultra-strong magnetic fields of $\sim 10^{14}-10^{15}$ G, have been increasingly accepted to explain a variety of astrophysical transients. A nascent millisecond-period magnetar can release its spin-down energy and power bright sources such as Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) and their subsequent X-ray plateaus, Super Luminous Supernovae (SLSNe), and the fast X-ray transients such as CDF-S XT-2. Magnetars with ages of $10^3-10^4$ years have been observed within the Milky Way Galaxy, which are found to power diverse transients with the expense of their magnetic energy, in the form of giant flares and repeated soft-$\gamma$-ray or hard X-ray bursts and occasionally fast radio bursts (FRBs). Magnetar giant flares were also detected as disguised short GRBs from nearby galaxies . Here we report the identification of a GRB as a hyper flare of magnetar in a nearby galaxy. The magnitude of the hyper flare is about one thousand times brighter than that of a typical magnetar giant flare. A significant $\sim 80$ millisecond period is detected in the decaying light curve. Interpreting this period as the rotation period and given a magnetic field strength typical for a young magnetar, the age of the magnetar is constrained to be only a few weeks. The non-detection of a (superluminous) supernova nor a GRB weeks before the event further constrains that the magnetar is likely born from an off-axis merger event of two neutron stars. Our finding bridges the gap between the hypothetical millisecond magnetars and the observed Galactic magnetars, and points toward a broader channel of magnetar-powered gamma-ray transients.

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B. -B. Zhang, Z. J. Zhang, J. -H. Zou, X. I. Wang, Y. -H. Yang, J. -S. Wang, J. Yang, Z. -K. Liu, Z. -K. Peng, Y. -S. Yang, Z. -H. Li, Y. -C. Ma, B. Zhang. 2022-05-16. A hyper flare of a weeks-old magnetar born from a binary-neutron-star merger. https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.07670

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