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arXiv · 2206.01375

Exploiting dynamic nonlinearity in upconversion nanoparticles for super-resolution imaging

Chaohao Chen·Lei Ding·Baolei Liu·Ziqin Du·Yongtao Liu·Xiangjun Di·Xuchen Shan·Chenxiao Lin·Min Zhang·Xiaoxue Xu·Xiaolan Zhong·Jianfeng Wang·Lingqian Chang·Ben J. Halkon·Xin Chen·Faliang Cheng·Fan Wang
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Abstract

Single-beam super-resolution microscopy, also known as superlinear microscopy, exploits the nonlinear response of fluorescent probes in confocal microscopy. The technique requires no complex purpose-built system, light field modulation, or beam shaping. Here, we present a strategy to enhance spatial resolution of superlinear microscopy by modulating excitation intensity during image acquisition. This modulation induces dynamic optical nonlinearity in upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), resulting in variations of higher spatial-frequency information in the obtained images. The high-order information can be extracted with a proposed weighted finite difference imaging algorithm from raw fluorescence images, to generate an image with a higher resolution than superlinear microscopy images. We apply this approach to resolve two adjacent nanoparticles within a diffraction-limited area, improving the resolution to 130 nm. This work suggests a new scope for developing dynamic nonlinear fluorescent probes in super-resolution nanoscopy.

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Chaohao Chen, Lei Ding, Baolei Liu, Ziqin Du, Yongtao Liu, Xiangjun Di, Xuchen Shan, Chenxiao Lin, Min Zhang, Xiaoxue Xu, Xiaolan Zhong, Jianfeng Wang, Lingqian Chang, Ben J. Halkon, Xin Chen, Faliang Cheng, Fan Wang. 2022-06-03. Exploiting dynamic nonlinearity in upconversion nanoparticles for super-resolution imaging. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02269

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