Minimal generating sets of moves for surfaces immersed in the four-space

Abstract

For immersed surfaces in the four-space, we have a generating set of the Swenton--Hughes--Kim--Miller spatial moves that relate singular banded diagrams of ambient isotopic immersions of those surfaces. We also have Yoshikawa--Kamada--Kawauchi--Kim--Lee planar moves that relate marked graph diagrams of ambient isotopic immersions of those surfaces. One can ask if the former moves form a minimal set and if the latter moves form a generating set. In this paper, we derive a minimal generating set of spatial moves for diagrams of surfaces immersed in the four-space, which translates into a generating set of planar moves. We also show that the complements of two equivalent immersed surfaces can be transformed one another by a Kirby calculus not requiring the 1-1-handle or 2-1-handle slides. We also discuss the fundamental group of the immersed surface-link complement in the four-space and a quandle coloring invariant of an oriented immersed surface-link.