Searcharxiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2209.02757

Systematic errors due to quasi-universal relations in binary neutron stars and their correction for unbiased model selection

Rahul Kashyap·Arnab Dhani·Bangalore Sathyaprakash
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Inference of the equation-of-state (EoS) of dense nuclear matter in neutron-star cores is a principal science goal of X-ray and gravitational-wave observations of neutron stars. In particular, gravitational-wave observations provide an independent probe of the properties of bulk matter in neutron star cores that can then be used to compare with theoretically derived equations of state. In this paper, we quantify the systematic errors arising from the application of EoS-independent \emph{quasi-universal relations} in the estimation of neutron star tidal deformabilities and radii from gravitational-wave measurements and introduce a strategy to correct for the systematic biases in the inferred radii. We apply this method to a simulated population of events expected to be observed by future upgrades of current detectors and the next-generation of ground-based observatories. We show that our approach can accurately correct for the systematic biases arising from approximate universal relations in the mass-radius curves of neutron stars. Using the posterior distributions of the mass and radius for the simulated population we infer the underlying EoS with a good degree of precision. Our method revives the possibility of using the universal relations for rapid Bayesian model selection of dense matter EoS in gravitational-wave observations.

Explore related subjects

gr-qcastro-ph.HE

Keep this discovery

BibTeXRIS

Rahul Kashyap, Arnab Dhani, Bangalore Sathyaprakash. 2022-09-06. Systematic errors due to quasi-universal relations in binary neutron stars and their correction for unbiased model selection. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.106.123001

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Electrovacuum Black Hole Uniqueness

We prove the black hole uniqueness conjecture in the axially symmetric, stationary, electrovacuum setting, subject to the refined asymptotic analysis of the associated singular harmonic maps, which includes an analyticity hypothesis at the axes. More precisely, it is shown that any asymptotically flat solution of the Einstein--Maxwell equations in this class, with more than one black hole horizon component is either: Majumdar--Papapetrou, up to a duality rotation, in which case all logarithmic angle defects vanish, or every finite axis rod logarithmic angle defect is strictly negative and hence every interaction force is strictly attractive. The proof extends the singular harmonic map method used for vacuum Kerr uniqueness in [18].

gr-qc↗
arXiv2026

Constraining Modified Mass-to-Horizon Cosmology Through Primordial Inflationary Observables

We investigate slow-roll inflation in a modified cosmological framework inspired by a generalized mass-to-horizon relation (MHR), $M=\gamma {c^2 L^n}/{G}$, where $n$ is a real parameter and $\gamma$ a dimensional constant. Using Padmanabhan's emergence paradigm, we derive the modified Friedmann equations for a flat FRW universe and analyze the dynamics of a canonical scalar field (inflaton) under the slow-roll approximation. We study the resulting inflationary phenomenology for power-law and Starobinsky potentials. For power-law potentials, the MHR modification fails to reconcile these models with current CMB constraints on $r$ and $n_s$. In contrast, Starobinsky inflation exhibits significant sensitivity to deviations from $n=1$. A perturbative analysis ($n=1+\Delta$) yields corrections to inflationary observables. We observe that the scalar power-spectrum normalization, under a fixed-Starobinsky prescription, imposes the stringent constraint $0.960 \lesssim n \lesssim 1.040$ for $N=60$ efolds. This is considerably tighter than spectral-index bounds. Our results establish inflation, particularly Starobinsky-like models, as a sensitive probe of generalized horizon thermodynamics and departures from standard MHR scaling.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2026

Improving the Sensitivity of Gravitational Wave Detection with Weighted Conformal Prediction

In the last decade, kilometre-scale interferometric gravitational-wave detectors have observed hundreds of compact binary mergers, the majority of which are binary black holes. However, the data are noise-dominated, and multiple independent search algorithms (pipelines) are used to enhance sensitivity and improve robustness. Rather than the standard approach of selecting the most significant pipeline output, we combine the outputs from all pipelines using a conformal prediction-based framework to provide statistically rigorous confidence estimates for candidate events. While combining pipelines improves sensitivity and ranking robustness, it requires a principled statistical framework that remains valid as data properties evolve across observing runs. A key challenge is distribution shifts between simulated datasets used for training and calibration and the real, unlabelled, observations used for testing, which can invalidate coverage guarantees and bias confidence estimates. In this work, we address this challenge by incorporating likelihood-ratio reweighting into our conformal prediction framework to account for covariate shift. Using mock datasets containing simulated signals, we demonstrate that weighted conformal prediction restores well-calibrated coverage under covariate shift and increases the confidence of events near the detection threshold, recovering true signals that would otherwise be missed.

gr-qc↗