Bi-spatial random attractors, a stochastic Liouville type theorem and ergodicity for stochastic Navier-Stokes equations on the whole space

Abstract

This article concerns the random dynamics and asymptotic analysis of the well known mathematical model, the Navier-Stokes equations. We consider the two-dimensional stochastic Navier-Stokes equations (SNSE) driven by a \textsl{linear multiplicative white noise of It\^o type} on the whole space $\mathbb{R}^2$. Firstly, we prove that the non-autonomous 2D SNSE generates a bi-spatial $(\mathbb{L}^2(\mathbb{R}^2),\mathbb{H}^1(\mathbb{R}^2))$-continuous random cocycle. Due to the bi-spatial continuity property of the random cocycle associated with SNSE, we show that if the initial data is in $\mathbb{L}^2(\mathbb{R}^2)$, then there exists a unique bi-spatial $(\mathbb{L}^2(\mathbb{R}^2),\mathbb{H}^1(\mathbb{R}^2))$-pullback random attractor for non-autonomous SNSE which is compact and attracting not only in $\mathbb{L}^2$-norm but also in $\mathbb{H}^1$-norm. Next, as a consequence of the existence of pullback random attractors, we prove the existence of a family of invariant sample measures for non-autonomous random dynamical system generated by 2D non-autonomous SNSE. Moreover, we show that the family of invariant sample measures satisfies a stochastic Liouville type theorem. Finally, we discuss the existence of an invariant measure for the random cocycle associated with 2D autonomous SNSE. We prove the uniqueness of invariant measures for $\boldsymbol{f}=\mathbf{0}$ and for any $\nu>0$ by using the linear multiplicative structure of the noise coefficient and exponential stability of solutions. The above results for SNSE defined on $\mathbb{R}^2$ are totally new, especially the results on bi-spatial random attractors and stochastic Liouville type theorem for 2D SNSE with linear multiplicative noise are obtained in any kind of domains for the first time.