Structure and dynamics of spray detonation in n-heptane droplet-vapor-air mixtures

Qingyang Meng; Majie Zhao; Yong Xu; Liangqi Zhang; Huangwei Zhang

Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2209.11913

Structure and dynamics of spray detonation in n-heptane droplet-vapor-air mixtures

Qingyang Meng·Majie Zhao·Yong Xu·Liangqi Zhang·Huangwei Zhang

View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Spray detonation in n-heptane two-phase mixtures is simulated using Eulerian Lagrangian method. Two-dimensional configuration is considered, and the effects of droplet diameter and liquid equivalence ratio on detonation propagation, structure, and dynamics are investigated. The results show that the average detonation propagation speed first increases and then decreases as liquid equivalence ratio changes, and the speed peaks at higher liquid equivalence ratio for larger droplets. The triple points and transverse detonations vaporize or aerodynamically expel the droplets from their trajectories, resulting in non-uniform distributions of fuel vapor and reaction zones behind the detonation. In addition, droplet dispersion distance in the post-detonation area increases for larger droplets due to lower evaporation. Moreover, small droplets generally lead to higher detonated n-heptane fraction, and fuel detonative combustion directly affects the variations of detonated fuel fraction. For larger droplets, V shaped dependence on liquid equivalence ratio is seen for large droplets, dominated by variations of post-detonation deflagration. It is found that spray detonation structure is significantly influenced by liquid fuel equivalence ratio and droplet diameter. The dependence of key locations in spray detonation structure on liquid fuel properties is also evaluated, e.g., reaction front and sonic plane. Furthermore, the leading shock Mach number slightly decreases with droplet size. When the liquid equivalence ratio is high, spray detonation exhibits pronounced unsteadiness, such as instantaneous or complete extinction. Either extinction is caused by strong heat absorption of evaporating droplets behind the shock. Moreover, localized detonative spot is observed due to the compression of multiple transverse shocks.

Explore related subjects

physics.flu-dyn

Keep this discovery

BibTeX RIS

Qingyang Meng, Majie Zhao, Yong Xu, Liangqi Zhang, Huangwei Zhang. 2022-09-24. Structure and dynamics of spray detonation in n-heptane droplet-vapor-air mixtures. https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.11913

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Correlative effects of induced magnetic field-buoyancy on reactive solute dispersion dynamics in couple-stress fluids

We investigate the dispersion of a reactive solute in a couple-stress fluid flowing between two parallel plates under the combined effects of pressure-driven flow, buoyancy, and an induced magnetic field. The model incorporates first-order heterogeneous reactions at both channel walls alongside a bulk reaction. Using Mei's multiscale homogenization technique accurate to third order, we develop a higher-order asymptotic formulation to determine the effective longitudinal dispersion coefficient and concentration field. Analytical predictions are complemented by Brownian dynamics simulations and finite-difference solutions, while the Aris method of moments quantifies transient mean displacement, spatial variance, and effective dispersivity. The hydrodynamic analysis reveals a singular branch in the velocity solution when the Hartmann number equals half the couple-stress parameter and identifies a characteristic quarter-power scaling between the Hartmann number and couple-stress parameter, separating couple-stress- and magnetically dominated regimes. The model recovers classical Taylor-dispersion behavior in the non-reactive Newtonian limit and agrees well with experimental measurements. Couple-stress rheology and magnetic damping suppress shear-induced dispersion, whereas buoyancy enhances dispersion through additional transverse velocity gradients. A distinct saturation regime of the dispersion coefficient emerges with an increasing couple-stress parameter, while unequal wall absorption induces persistent transverse asymmetry, and stronger absorption enhances solute removal near the source. Numerical and stochastic results validate the analytical framework while resolving higher-order concentration structures and particle-scale wall adsorption.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2026

DiffSWE2d: a differentiable Shallow Water Equations solver for end-to-end flood and tsunami modelling

Solving inverse and optimisation problems with traditional shallow water equations (SWE) solvers can be computationally expensive, particularly when gradients with respect to model inputs or parameters must be estimated through repeated forward simulations. In this paper, we introduce DiffSWE2d, an open-source differentiable shallow water equations solver for end-to-end flood and tsunami modelling implemented in PyTorch. By leveraging automatic differentiation, DiffSWE2d represents the time-marching physics as a differentiable computational graph, enabling gradients to be propagated directly through the numerical solver. We validate the solver against two established benchmark cases and demonstrate its application to tsunami waveform inversion, showing its ability to infer model inputs through gradient-based optimisation. DiffSWE2d provides a flexible framework for integrating physics-based hydrodynamic modelling with modern optimisation and machine learning methods. The source code and reproducible examples are publicly available at: https://github.com/ZhonghouXu/DiffSWE2d

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2026

Low inertia limit of elasto-inertial turbulence

Pipe and channel flows of viscoelastic fluids display chaotic dynamics at unusually low speeds, a phenomenon referred to as elasto-inertial turbulence, EIT. First reported in experiments a century ago, recent theoretical studies and model computations predict a variety of scenarios for the phenomenon's origin, ranging from hoop stress modes to center modes and to Tollmien-Schlichting waves. Lacking experimental confirmation, the relevant scenario in actual flows of polymer solutions remains unknown. We here determine the transition threshold of EIT in pipe experiments, covering three decades in elasticity number. Across this entire parameter range, the transition features center mode structures at onset. Eventually the instability diverges at a lower inertia (upper elasticity) limit, which is a robust signature of this center mode scenario. Finally, we report the first experimental observation of a traveling wave in viscoelastic pipe flow, and the sequences of localized structures found, are in excellent agreement with a center mode traveling wave, the "arrowhead" solution, discovered in model simulations.

physics.flu-dyn↗