Searcharxiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2210.04599

Technical Report: Analytical Modeling and Throughput Computation of Blockchain Sharding

Pourya Soltani·Farid Ashtiani
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Sharding has shown great potential to scale out blockchains. It divides nodes into smaller groups which allow for partial transaction processing, relaying and storage. Hence, instead of running one blockchain, we will run multiple blockchains in parallel, and call each one a shard. Sharding can be applied to address shortcomings due to compulsory duplication of three resources in blockchains, i.e., computation, communication and storage. The most pressing issue in blockchains today is throughput. Hence, usually the main focus is to shard computation which leads to concurrent transaction processing. In this report, we propose new queueing-theoretic models to derive the maximum throughput of sharded blockchains. We consider two cases, a fully sharded blockchain and a computation sharding. In the former nodes are exclusive to each shard in terms of their responsibilities, i.e., block production, relaying and storage. In the latter though, only block production is exclusive and nodes relay and store every piece of information. We model each with a queueing network that exploits signals to account for block production as well as multi-destination cross-shard transactions. We make sure quasi-reversibility for every queue in our models is satisfied so that they fall into the category of product-form queueing networks. We then obtain a closed-form solution for the maximum stable throughput of these systems with respect to block size, block rate, number of destinations in transactions and the number of shards. Comparing the results obtained from the two introduced sharding systems, we conclude that the extent of sharding in different domains plays a significant role in scalability.

Explore related subjects

cs.DC

Keep this discovery

BibTeXRIS

Pourya Soltani, Farid Ashtiani. 2022-09-19. Technical Report: Analytical Modeling and Throughput Computation of Blockchain Sharding. https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.04599

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Online Treasure Hunt in Vertex-Permuted Dynamic Rings

We study the problem of treasure hunt by a group of $k \geq 1$ agents in vertex-permuted dynamic rings (VP). In this model, the $n$ vertices remain on a ring but are permuted at each time step. We first show that treasure hunt is impossible for any $k \leq n-3$ agents, if there are no restrictions on the sequence of permutations used in the dynamic ring. We then study the $VP(\delta)$ setting, in which for every pair $i, j$ of vertices, the edge $(i, j)$ is guaranteed to appear within $\delta$ steps. We show that the class $VP(\delta)$ is feasible only for $\delta \geq \left\lceil \frac{n-1}{2}\right\rceil$. For the one-agent case, we show a tight bound of $\Theta(\delta n)$ on the worst-case search time as well as competitive ratio of any online algorithm for treasure hunt, provided $\delta \geq 2n$. We then give an optimal algorithm for $k$ agents, thereby showing that $k$ agents can obtain a speedup of $k$ on the worst-case search time. Finally, in the R-VP setting, in which in every step, the vertices are arranged as a ring according to a random permutation, we show that treasure hunt takes expected $\Theta(n)$ steps against an oblivious adversary and $\Theta(n \log n)$ steps against an adaptive adversary.

cs.DC↗
arXiv2026

The Computing Channel: How Modulation Programs the Airwaves

Distributed computing and distributed artificial intelligence require frequent exchanges of intermediate results, although many applications need only an aggregate rather than messages from individual devices. Conventional systems recover each message before computing the aggregate, whereas over-the-air computation (OAC) exploits simultaneous transmission to obtain it directly. However, dominant OAC implementations rely on analog signaling, creating a mismatch with finite-precision data and digital communication procedures. This article presents digital function-oriented communication, in which finite-alphabet symbol representations and receiver decisions are jointly designed so that multiple-access superposition encodes the desired function without recovering individual inputs. We introduce its computational-constellation principle, main design approaches, extensions, and implementation challenges. Federated edge learning illustrates how the framework can reduce user-dependent data-bearing resources while operating directly on quantized model updates.

cs.DC↗
arXiv2026

Can AI Remediate Backend Failures Safely? GuardedAct with Blast-Radius-Aware Sandboxing

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising capabilities in generating remediation actions for microservice failures. However, directly executing AI-generated repair actions in production risks cascading collateral damage. We propose GuardedAct, a sandbox-first remediation framework that interposes a blast-radius-aware verification layer between the LLM action generator and the production environment. GuardedAct operates in four phases: (1) ingesting a diagnosis report together with the live system topology and recent telemetry, (2) prompting an LLM to produce a ranked list of candidate remediation actions, (3) simulating each action in a lightweight digital-twin sandbox that estimates the blast radius and assigns a risk label, and (4) enforcing a rollback-confidence gate that auto-executes only low-risk actions while escalating high-risk ones for human review. We evaluate GuardedAct on five fault scenarios injected into the DeathStarBench social-network application. Experimental results show that GuardedAct achieves an overall recovery rate of 87.4% while reducing collateral damage by 79.7% relative to direct LLM execution (from 25.6% to 5.2%), at the cost of a modest sandbox-induced increase in mean time to recovery (approximately 8 s). Ablation studies confirm that each component contributes meaningfully to the safety-speed trade-off.

cs.DC↗