Automorphic Symmetries, String integrable structures and Deformations

Abstract

We address the novel structures arising in quantum and string integrable theories, as well as construct methods to obtain them and provide further analysis. Specifically, we implement the automorphic symmetries on periodic lattice systems to obtain integrable hierarchies, whose commutativity and integrable transformations induce a generating structure of integrable classes. This prescription is first applied to 2-dim and 4-dim setups, where we find the new $ \mathfrak{sl}_{2} $ sector, $ \mathfrak{su}(2) \oplus \mathfrak{su}(2) $ with superconductive modes, Generalised Hubbard type classes and more. The corresponding 2- and 4-dim $ R $ matrices are resolved through perturbation theory, that allows to recover an exact result. We then construct a boost recursion that allows to address the systems, whose $ R $-/$ S $-matrices exhibit arbitrary spectral dependence, that also is an apparent property of the scattering operators in $ AdS $ integrability. It is then possible to implement the last for Hamiltonian Ansätze in $ D = 2,3,4 $, which leads to new models in all dimensions. We also provide a method based on a coupled differential system that allows to resolve for $ R $ matrices exactly. Important it is possible isolate a special class of models of non-difference form in 2-dim case (6vB/8vB), which provides a new structure consistently arising in $ AdS_{3} $ and $ AdS_{2} $ string backgrounds. We prove that these classes can be represented as deformations of the $ AdS_{\{ 2,3 \}} $ models. We also work out that the latter satisfy free fermion constraint, braiding unitarity, crossing and exhibit deformed algebraic structure that shares certain properties with $ AdS_{3} \times S^{3} \times \mathcal{M}^{4} $ and $ AdS_{2} \times S^{2} \times T^{6} $ models. The embedding and mappings of 6vB/8vB deformations are demonstrated, a discussion on relation to sigma model candidates is provided.