Complex Dynamics of the Implicit Maps Derived from Iteration of Newton and Euler Method

Abstract

Special exotic class of dynamical systems~ -- the implicit maps~ -- is considered. Such maps, particularly, can appear as a result of using of implicit and semi-implicit iterative numerical methods. In the present work we propose the generalization of the well-known Newton-Cayley problem. Newtonian Julia set is a fractal boundary on the complex plane, which divides areas of convergence to different roots of cubic nonlinear complex equation when it is solved with explicit Newton method. We consider similar problem for the relaxed, or damped, Newton method, and obtain the implicit map, which is non-invertible both time-forward and time-backward. It is also possible to obtain the same map in the process of solving of certain nonlinear differential equation via semi-implicit Euler method. The nontrivial phenomena, appearing in such implicit maps, can be considered, however, not only as numerical artifacts, but also independently. From the point of view of theoretical nonlinear dynamics they seem to be very interesting object for investigation. Earlier it was shown that implicit maps can combine properties of dissipative non-invertible and Hamiltonian systems. In the present paper strange invariant sets and mixed dynamics of the obtained implicit map are analyzed.