The effect of the magnetically dead layer on the magnetization and the magnetic anisotropy of the dextran coated magnetite nanoparticles

Abstract

We present a study on the magnetic behavior of dextran-coated magnetite nanoparticles (DM NPs) with sizes between 3 and 19 nm, synthesized by hydrothermal-assisted co-precipitation method. The decrease of saturation magnetization ($M_s$) with decreasing particle size has been modeled by assuming the existence of a spin-disordered layer at the particle surface, which is magnetically dead. Based on this core-shell model and taking into account the weight contribution of the non-magnetic coating layer (dextran) to the whole magnetization, the dead layer thickness ($t$) and saturation magnetization $M_s$ of the magnetic cores in our samples were estimated to be $t = 6.8~\mathrm{\AA}$ and $M_s = 98.8~\mathrm{emu/g}$, respectively. The data of $M_s$ were analyzed using a law of approach to saturation, indicating an increase in effective magnetic anisotropy ($K_{eff}$) with decreasing particle size as expected from the increased surface/volume ratio in small MNPs. The obtained $K_{eff}$ values were successfully modeled by including an extra contribution of dipolar interactions due to the formation of chain-like clusters of MNPs. The surface magnetic anisotropy ($K_s$) was estimated to be about $K_s = 1.04\times10^5~\mathrm{J/m^3}$. Our method provides a simple and accurate way to obtain the $M_s$ core values in surface-disordered MNPs, a relevant parameter required for magnetic modeling in many applications.