A relation between the cube polynomials of partial cubes and the clique polynomials of their crossing graphs

Abstract

Partial cubes are the graphs which can be embedded into hypercubes. The {\em cube polynomial} of a graph $G$ is a counting polynomial of induced hypercubes of $G$, which is defined as $C(G,x):=\sum_{i\geqslant 0}\alpha_i(G)x^i$, where $\alpha_i(G)$ is the number of induced $i$-cubes (hypercubes of dimension $i$) of $G$. The {\em clique polynomial} of $G$ is defined as $Cl(G,x):=\sum_{i\geqslant 0}a_i(G)x^i$, where $a_i(G)$ ($i\geqslant 1$) is the number of $i$-cliques in $G$ and $a_0(G)=1$. Equivalently, $Cl(G, x)$ is exactly the independence polynomial of the complement $\overline{G}$ of $G$. The {\em crossing graph} $G^{\#}$ of a partial cube $G$ is the graph whose vertices are corresponding to the $\Theta$-classes of $G$, and two $\Theta$-classes are adjacent in $G^{\#}$ if and only if they cross in $G$. In the present paper, we prove that for a partial cube $G$, $C(G,x)\leqslant Cl(G^{\#}, x+1)$ and the equality holds if and only if $G$ is a median graph. Since every graph can be represented as the crossing graph of a median graph [SIAM J. Discrete Math., 15 (2002) 235--251], the above necessary-and-sufficient result shows that the study on the cube polynomials of median graphs can be transformed to the one on the clique polynomials of general graphs (equivalently, on the independence polynomials of their complements). In addition, we disprove the conjecture that the cube polynomials of median graphs are unimodal.