Deciphering Lyman-$\alpha$ Emission Deep into the Epoch of Reionisation

Abstract

During the epoch of reionisation the first galaxies were enshrouded in pristine neutral gas, with one of the brightest emission lines in star-forming galaxies, Lyman-$\alpha$ (Ly$\alpha$), expected to remain undetected until the Universe became ionised. Providing an explanation for the surprising detection of Ly$\alpha$ in these early galaxies is a major challenge for extra-galactic studies. Recent JWST observations have reignited the debate on whether residence in an overdensity of galaxies is a it sufficient and necessary condition for Ly$\alpha$ to escape. Here, we take unique advantage of both high-resolution and high-sensitivity images from the JWST instrument NIRCam to reveal that all galaxies in a sample of z>7 Ly$\alpha$ emitters have close companions. We exploit novel on-the-fly radiative transfer magnetohydrodynamical simulations with cosmic ray feedback to show that galaxies with frequent mergers have very bursty star formation which drives episodes of high intrinsic Ly$\alpha$ emission and facilitates the escape of Ly$\alpha$ photons along channels cleared of neutral gas. We conclude that the rapid build up of stellar mass through mergers presents a compelling solution to the long-standing puzzle of the detection of Ly$\alpha$ emission deep into the epoch of reionisation.