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arXiv · 2304.00024

Empirical verification of a new generalisation of Goldbach's conjecture up to $10^{12}$ (or $10^{13}$) for all coefficients $\leq 40$

Zsófia Juhász·Máté Bartalos·Péter Magyar·Gábor Farkas
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Abstract

A new generalisation of Goldbach's conjecture (GGC) - also generalising that of Lemoine - is tested, introduced by the first author. It states that for every pair of positive integers $m_1, m_2$, every sufficiently large integer $n$ satisfying certain simple criteria can be expressed as $n=m_1p+m_2q$ for some primes $p$ and $q$. GGC is checked up to $10^{12}d$ for all (up to $10^{13}d$ for some) pairs of coefficients $m_1, m_2$, where $d=\gcd{(m_1, m_2)}$ and $m_1/d, m_2/d \leq 40$. The largest counterexamples found that cannot be obtained in this form are presented. Their relatively small sizes support the plausibility of GGC. Lemoine's conjecture is verified up to a new record of $10^{13}$. Four naturally arising verifying algorithms are described and their running times compared for every $m_1\leq m_2\leq 40$ relatively prime. These seek to find either the $p$- or the $q$-minimal $(m_1, m_2)$-partitions of all numbers tested, by either descending or ascending search for the prime to be maximised or minimised, respectively, in the partitions. For all $m_1, m_2$ descending searches were faster than ascending ones. A heuristic explanation is provided. The relative speed of ascending [descending] searches for the $p$- and for the $q$-minimal partitions, respectively, varied by $m_1, m_2$. Using the average of $p^*_{m_1, m_2}(n)$ - the minimal $p$ in all $(m_1, m_2)$-partitions of $n$ - up to a sufficiently large threshold, two functions of $m_1, m_2$ are introduced, which may help predict these rankings. Our predictions correspond well with actual rankings. These could be further improved by developing approximations to $p^*_{m_1, m_2}(n)$. Numerical data are presented, including average and maximum values of $p^*_{m_1, m_2}(n)$ up to $10^9$. An extension of GGC is proposed, generalising the Twin prime conjecture and the assertion that there are infinitely many Sophie Germain primes.

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Zsófia Juhász, Máté Bartalos, Péter Magyar, Gábor Farkas. 2023-03-31. Empirical verification of a new generalisation of Goldbach's conjecture up to $10^{12}$ (or $10^{13}$) for all coefficients $\leq 40$. https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.00024

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