Bragg's law for X-ray scattering by quantum thermodynamic time crystals, Q-balls, as manifestation of the mechanism of High-T$_c$ superconductivity

Abstract

Proposed by the author Q-ball mechanism of the pseudogap state and high-Tc superconductivity in cuprates was recently supported by micro X-ray diffraction data in HgBa$_2$CuO$_{4+y}$. This provides a remarkable opportunity to investigate X-ray diffraction produced by the quantum thermodynamic time crystals, a direct embodiment of those are just the Euclidean Q-balls considered in the aforementioned theory. Simultaneously, it is also demonstrated that T-linear temperature dependence of electrical resistivity in the Q-ball phase arises due to scattering of electrons on the condensed charge/spin fluctuations inside the Q-balls. This gives a clue concerning possible mechanism of T-linear behaviour of electrical resistivity in the strange metal phase of high-T$_c$ cuprates. For this purpose the Green's functions of X-ray photons and fermions scattered by the Q-balls in the pseudogap phase of high-Tc superconductors are calculated using the Feynman diagrammatic technique. The Bragg's peaks intensity, provided by the imaginary part of the retarded photon Green's function, is calculated. In total, obtained results describe X-ray and electron scattering on the finite size Q-ball of CDW/SDW density, that oscillates with bosonic frequency $\Omega=2\pi nT$ in Matsubara time, i.e. the quantum thermodynamic time crystal. It is found, that theoretical results are in good correspondence with X-ray diffraction data in HgBa$_2$CuO$_{4+y}$ reported recently. The T-linear dependence of electrical resistivity arises due to inverse temperature dependence of the Q-ball radius as function of temperature.