Novel Cosmological Joint Constraints in Multidimensional Observables Space with Redshift-free Inferences

Abstract

Cosmology constraints serve as a crucial criterion in discriminating cosmological models. The traditional combined method to constrain the cosmological parameters designates the corresponding theoretical value and observational data as functions of redshift, however, sometimes the redshift cannot be measured directly, or the measurement error is large, or the definition of redshift is controversial. In this paper, we propose a novel joint method to constrain parameters that eliminates the redshift $z$ and makes full use of the multiple observables $\left\lbrace \mathcal{F}_{1,\mathrm{obs}},\mathcal{F}_{2,\mathrm{obs}},\cdots,\mathcal{F}_{M,\mathrm{obs}}\right\rbrace$ spanning in $M$-dimensional joint observables space. Considering the generality of the mathematical form of the cosmological models and the guidance from low to high dimensions, we firstly validate our method in a three-dimensional joint observables space spanned by $H(z)$, $f\sigma_{8}(z)$ and $D_{A}(z)$, where the three coordinates can be considered redshift-free measurements of the same celestial body (or shared-redshift data reconstructed model independently). Our results are consistent with the traditional combined method but with lower errors, yielding $H_0=68.7\pm0.1\mathrm{~km} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}\mathrm{~Mpc}^{-1}$, $\Omega_{m0}=0.289\pm0.003$, $\sigma_{8}=0.82\pm0.01$ and showing alleviated parametric degeneracies to some extent. In principle, our joint constraint method allows an extended form keeping the redshift information as an independent coordinate and can also be readily degraded to the form of a traditional combined method to constrain parameters.