HYPERION. Interacting companion and outflow in the most luminous $z>6$ quasar

Abstract

We present ALMA deep observations of the [CII] 158 $\mu$m emission line and the continuum at 253 GHz and 99 GHz towards SDSS J0100+2802 at $z\simeq 6.3$, the most luminous quasi-stellar object (QSO) at z$>$6. J0100+2802 belongs to the HYPERION sample of luminous QSOs at $z\sim 6-7.5$. The observations (at 2.2" resolution in Band 3 and 0.9" resolution in Band 6) are optimized to detect extended emission around the QSO. We detect an interacting, tidally disrupted companion both in [CII], peaking at $z\sim 6.332$, and in continuum, stretching on scales up to 20 kpc from the quasar, with a knotty morphology. The higher velocity dispersion in the direction of the companion emission and the complex morphology of tidally stretched galaxy suggest a possible ongoing or future merger. For the newly-detected companion we derive a range of dust mass, $M_{\rm dust}=(0.3-2.6)\times 10^7\ \rm M_\odot$, and of star formation rate, SFR$=[35-344]\ \rm M_\odot$. This shows that both the QSO and its companion are gas rich and that a major merger may be at the origin of the boosted star formation. We also detect a broad blueshifted component in the [CII] spectrum, that we interpret as a gaseous outflow for which we estimate a mass outflow rate in the range $\dot{M}_{\rm out}=(118-269)\ \rm M_\odot\ yr^{-1}$. J0100+2802 was recently found to reside in a strong overdensity, however this close companion remained undetected by both previous higher resolution ALMA observations and by JWST-NIRCAM imaging. Our results highlight the importance of deep medium-resolution ALMA observations for the study of QSOs and their environment at the Epoch of Reionization.