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arXiv · 2306.07044

The origin of the planetary nebula M 1-16. A morphokinematic and chemical analysis

M. A. Gómez-Muñoz·R. Vázquez·L. Sabin·L. Olguín·P. F. Guillén·S. Zavala·R. Michel
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Abstract

We investigated the origin of the Planetary Nebula (PN) M 1-16 using narrow-band optical imaging, and high- and low-resolution optical spectra to perform a detailed morpho-kinematic and chemical studies. M 1-16 is revealed to be a multipolar PN that predominantly emits in [O III] in the inner part of the nebula and [N II] in the lobes. A novel spectral unsharp masking technique was applied to the position-velocity (PV) maps to reveal a set of multiple structures at the centre of M 1-16 spanning radial velocities from $-$40km$\,$s$^{-1}$ to 20km$\,$s$^{-1}$, with respect to the systemic velocity. The morpho-kinematic model indicates that the deprojected velocity of the lobe outflows are $\geq$100km$\,$s$^{-1}$, and particularly the larger lobes and knots have a deprojected velocity of $\simeq$350km$\,$s$^{-1}$; the inner ellipsoidal component has a deprojected velocity of $\simeq$29km$\,$s$^{-1}$. A kinematical age of $\sim$8700yr has been obtained from the model assuming a homologous velocity expansion law and a distance of 6.2$\pm$1.9kpc. The chemical analysis indicates that M 1-16 is a Type I PN with a central star of PN (CSPN) mass in the range of $\simeq$0.618-0.713M$_\odot$ and an initial mass for the progenitor star between 2.0 and 3.0M$_\odot$ (depending on metallicity). An $T_\mathrm{eff}\simeq$140$\,$000K and log$(L/L_{\odot})$=2.3 was estimated using the 3MdB photoionisation models to reproduce the ionisation stage of the PN. All of these results have led us to suggest that M 1-16 is an evolved PN, contrary to the scenario of proto-PN suggested in previous studies. We propose that the mechanism responsible for the morphology of M 1-16 is related to the binary (or multiple star) evolution scenario.

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M. A. Gómez-Muñoz, R. Vázquez, L. Sabin, L. Olguín, P. F. Guillén, S. Zavala, R. Michel. 2023-06-12. The origin of the planetary nebula M 1-16. A morphokinematic and chemical analysis. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202346455

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