Emergence of fractional Gaussian free field correlations in subcritical long-range Ising models

Abstract

We study corrections to the scaling limit of subcritical long-range Ising models with (super)-summable interactions on $\mathbb{Z}^d$. For a wide class of models, the scaling limit is known to be white noise, as shown by Newman (1980). In the specific case of couplings $J_{x,y}=|x-y|^{-d-\boldsymbol{\alpha}}$, where $\boldsymbol{\alpha}>0$ and $|\cdot|$ is the Euclidean norm, we find an emergence of fractional Gaussian free field correlations in appropriately renormalised and rescaled observables. The proof exploits the exact asymptotics of the two-point function, first established by Newman and Spohn (1998), together with the rotational symmetry of the interaction.