Detailed study of the Bootes field using 300-500 MHz uGMRT observations: Source Properties and radio--infrared correlations

Abstract

The dominant source of radio continuum emissions at low frequencies is synchrotron radiation, which originates from star-forming regions in disk galaxies and from powerful jets produced by active galactic nuclei (AGN). We studied the Bootes field using the upgraded Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) at 400 MHz, achieving a central minimum off-source RMS noise of 35$\mu$Jy beam$^{-1}$ and a catalogue of 3782 sources in $\sim6$ sq. degrees of the sky. The resulting catalogue was compared to other radio frequency catalogues, and the corrected normalised differential source counts were derived. We use standard multi-wavelength techniques to classify the sources in star-forming galaxies (SFGs), radio-loud (RL) AGN, and radio-quiet (RQ) AGN that confirm a boost in the SFGs and RQ\,AGN AGN populations at lower flux levels. For the first time, we investigated the properties of the radio--IR relations at 400\,MHz in this field. The $L_{\rm 400 MHz}$--$L_{\rm TIR}$ relations for SFGs were found to show a strong correlation with non-linear slope values of $1.10\pm0.01$, and variation of $q_{\rm TIR}$ with $z$ is given as, $q_{\rm TIR} = (2.19 \pm 0.07)\ (1+z)^{-0.15 \pm 0.08}$. This indicates that the non-linearity of the radio--IR relations can be attributed to the mild variation of $q_{\rm TIR}$ values with $z$. The derived relationships exhibit similar behaviour when applied to LOFAR at 150 MHz and also at 1.4 GHz. This emphasises the fact that other parameters like magnetic field evolution with $z$ or the number densities of cosmic ray electrons can play a vital role in the mild evolution of $q$ values.