The star formation, dust, and abundance of galaxies with unWISE-CIB cross-correlations

Abstract

The cosmic infrared background (CIB) is the accumulated infrared (IR) radiation mainly from interstellar dust heated up by early stars. In this work, we measure the cross-correlation between galaxies from the unWISE catalog and the CIB maps from the Planck satellite to simultaneously constrain the cosmic star formation rate (SFR), dust spectral energy distribution (SED), and the halo occupation distribution (HOD). The unWISE galaxy catalog is divided into three tomographic bins centered at $z\sim 0.6, 1.1, 1.5$, and the CIB maps are at 353, 545, and 857 GHz. We measure the cross-correlations between these galaxy samples and CIB maps and get a 194$\sigma$ signal within an angular scale $100<\ell<2000$, from which we constrain two CIB halo models from previous literature and one new model. The SFR, SED, and HOD model parameters are constrained consistently among the three models. Specifically, the dust temperature at $z=0$ is constrained $T_0={21.14}^{+1.02}_{-1.34}$ K, which is slightly lower than $T_0=24.4\pm1.9$ K measured by the Planck collaboration. The halo mass that gives the most efficient star formation is around $10^{{11.79}^{+0.73}_{-0.86}}M_{\odot}$. From the model parameters, combined with the SFR density at $z=0$ synthesized from multi-wavelength observations, we break the degeneracy between SED and SFR and recover the cosmic star formation history that is consistent with multi-wavelength surveys. We also constrain the graybody SED model in agreement with previous measurements from infrared flux stacking. From the HOD constraints, we derive an increasing trend of galaxy linear bias along redshifts that agrees with the results from cross- and auto-correlation with unWise galaxies. This study indicates the power of using CIB-galaxy cross-correlation to study star formation, dust, and abundance of galaxies across cosmic time.