Searcharxiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2311.02118

A brief review of a modified relativity that explains cosmological constant

Cláudio Nassif Cruz·A. C. Amaro de Faria Jr
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

The present review aims to show that a modified space-time with an invariant minimum speed provides a relation with Weyl geometry in the Newtonian approximation of weak-field. The deformed Special Relativity so-called Symmetrical Special Relativity (SSR) has an invariant minimum speed $V$, which is associated with a preferred reference frame $S_V$ for representing the vacuum energy, thus leading to the cosmological constant ($\Lambda$). The equation of state (EOS) of vacuum energy for $\Lambda$, i.e., $\rho_{\Lambda}=\epsilon=-p$ emerges naturally from such space-time, where $p$ is the pressure and $\rho_{\Lambda}=\epsilon$ is the vacuum energy density. With the aim of establishing a relationship between $V$ and $\Lambda$ in the modified metric of the space-time, we should consider a dark spherical universe with Hubble radius $R_H$, having a very low value of $\epsilon$ that governs the accelerated expansion of universe. In doing this, we aim to show that SSR-metric has an equivalence with a de-Sitter (dS)-metric ($\Lambda>0$). On the other hand, according to the Boomerang experiment that reveals a slightly accelerated expansion of the universe, SSR leads to a dS-metric with an approximation for $\Lambda<<1$ close to a flat space-time, which is in the $\Lambda CDM$ scenario where the space is quasi-flat, so that $\Omega_{m}+\Omega_{\Lambda}\approx 1$. We have $\Omega{cdm}\approx 23\%$ by representing dark cold matter, $\Omega_m\approx 27\%$ for matter and $\Omega_{\Lambda}\approx 73\%$ for the vacuum energy. Thus, the theory is adjusted for the redshift $z=1$. This corresponds to the time $\tau_0$ of transition between gravity and anti-gravity, leading to a slight acceleration of expansion related to a tiny value of $\Lambda$, i.e., we find $\Lambda_0=1.934\times 10^{-35}s^{-2}$. This result is in agreement with observations.

Explore related subjects

gr-qc

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Cláudio Nassif Cruz, A. C. Amaro de Faria Jr. 2023-11-03. A brief review of a modified relativity that explains cosmological constant. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revip.2023.100088

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Electrovacuum Black Hole Uniqueness

We prove the black hole uniqueness conjecture in the axially symmetric, stationary, electrovacuum setting, subject to the refined asymptotic analysis of the associated singular harmonic maps, which includes an analyticity hypothesis at the axes. More precisely, it is shown that any asymptotically flat solution of the Einstein--Maxwell equations in this class, with more than one black hole horizon component is either: Majumdar--Papapetrou, up to a duality rotation, in which case all logarithmic angle defects vanish, or every finite axis rod logarithmic angle defect is strictly negative and hence every interaction force is strictly attractive. The proof extends the singular harmonic map method used for vacuum Kerr uniqueness in [18].

gr-qc↗
arXiv2026

Constraining Modified Mass-to-Horizon Cosmology Through Primordial Inflationary Observables

We investigate slow-roll inflation in a modified cosmological framework inspired by a generalized mass-to-horizon relation (MHR), $M=\gamma {c^2 L^n}/{G}$, where $n$ is a real parameter and $\gamma$ a dimensional constant. Using Padmanabhan's emergence paradigm, we derive the modified Friedmann equations for a flat FRW universe and analyze the dynamics of a canonical scalar field (inflaton) under the slow-roll approximation. We study the resulting inflationary phenomenology for power-law and Starobinsky potentials. For power-law potentials, the MHR modification fails to reconcile these models with current CMB constraints on $r$ and $n_s$. In contrast, Starobinsky inflation exhibits significant sensitivity to deviations from $n=1$. A perturbative analysis ($n=1+\Delta$) yields corrections to inflationary observables. We observe that the scalar power-spectrum normalization, under a fixed-Starobinsky prescription, imposes the stringent constraint $0.960 \lesssim n \lesssim 1.040$ for $N=60$ efolds. This is considerably tighter than spectral-index bounds. Our results establish inflation, particularly Starobinsky-like models, as a sensitive probe of generalized horizon thermodynamics and departures from standard MHR scaling.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2026

Improving the Sensitivity of Gravitational Wave Detection with Weighted Conformal Prediction

In the last decade, kilometre-scale interferometric gravitational-wave detectors have observed hundreds of compact binary mergers, the majority of which are binary black holes. However, the data are noise-dominated, and multiple independent search algorithms (pipelines) are used to enhance sensitivity and improve robustness. Rather than the standard approach of selecting the most significant pipeline output, we combine the outputs from all pipelines using a conformal prediction-based framework to provide statistically rigorous confidence estimates for candidate events. While combining pipelines improves sensitivity and ranking robustness, it requires a principled statistical framework that remains valid as data properties evolve across observing runs. A key challenge is distribution shifts between simulated datasets used for training and calibration and the real, unlabelled, observations used for testing, which can invalidate coverage guarantees and bias confidence estimates. In this work, we address this challenge by incorporating likelihood-ratio reweighting into our conformal prediction framework to account for covariate shift. Using mock datasets containing simulated signals, we demonstrate that weighted conformal prediction restores well-calibrated coverage under covariate shift and increases the confidence of events near the detection threshold, recovering true signals that would otherwise be missed.

gr-qc↗