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arXiv · 2311.09900

Meridional Circulations of the Solar Magnetic Fields of Different Strength

Irina A. Bilenko
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Abstract

The meridional circulation of the solar magnetic fields in Solar Cycles 21-24 was considered. Data from both ground-based and space observatories were used. Three types of time-latitude distributions of photospheric magnetic fields and their meridional circulations were identified depending on the magnetic field intensity. (i) low-strength magnetic fields. They were distributed evenly across latitude and weakly depended on the magnetic fields of active regions and their cycle variation; (ii) medium-strength magnetic fields. For these fields a wave-like, pole-to-pole, antiphase meridional circulation with a period of approximately 22 years was revealed. The velocities of meridional flows were slower at the minima of solar activity, when they were at high latitudes in the opposite hemispheres, and maximal at the solar maxima, when the positive- and negative-polarity waves crossed the equator. The meridional circulation of these fields reflects the solar global magnetic field dynamics and determines the solar polar field reversal; (iii) high-strength (active region) magnetic fields. They were distributed symmetrically in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Magnetic fields of both leading and following sunspot polarity migrated from high to low latitudes. The meridional-flow velocities of high-strength magnetic fields were higher at the rising and maxima phases than at the minima. Some of the high-latitude active region magnetic fields were captured by the second type meridional circulation flows and transported along with them to the appropriate pole. But the magnetic fields of active regions are not the main ones in the solar polar field reversal. The results indicate that high-strength magnetic fields were not the main source of weak ones.

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Irina A. Bilenko. 2023-11-16. Meridional Circulations of the Solar Magnetic Fields of Different Strength. https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.09900

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