Light bipolarons in a system of electrons coupled to dispersive optical phonons

Abstract

We investigate the ground state properties of the bipolaron coupled to quantum dispersive optical phonons in the one-dimensional Holstein-Hubbard model. We concentrate on the interplay between the phonon dispersion and the Coulomb repulsion and their mutual effect on the bipolaron effective mass, the binding energy, and the phase diagram. Most surprisingly, the sign of the curvature of the optical phonon dispersion plays a decisive role on the bipolaron binding energy in the presence of the Coulomb repulsion $U$. In particular, when the sign of the phonon dispersion curvature matches the sign of the electron dispersion curvature, the bipolaron remains bound in the strong coupling limit even when $U\to \infty$ and the binding emanates from the exchange of phonons between two electrons residing on adjacent sites. At moderate electron-phonon coupling a light bipolaron exists up to large values of $U$. Finally, an intuitive explanation of the role of the phonon dispersion on the bipolaron binding energy is derived using the strong coupling limit where the binding emanates from the exchange of phonons between two electrons residing on adjacent sites which leads to enhanced stability of bipolarons at elevated Coulomb repulsion.