Learning Genomic Sequence Representations using Graph Neural Networks over De Bruijn Graphs

Kacper Kapuśniak; Manuel Burger; Gunnar Rätsch; Amir Joudaki

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arXiv · 2312.03865

Learning Genomic Sequence Representations using Graph Neural Networks over De Bruijn Graphs

Kacper Kapuśniak·Manuel Burger·Gunnar Rätsch·Amir Joudaki

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Abstract

The rapid expansion of genomic sequence data calls for new methods to achieve robust sequence representations. Existing techniques often neglect intricate structural details, emphasizing mainly contextual information. To address this, we developed k-mer embeddings that merge contextual and structural string information by enhancing De Bruijn graphs with structural similarity connections. Subsequently, we crafted a self-supervised method based on Contrastive Learning that employs a heterogeneous Graph Convolutional Network encoder and constructs positive pairs based on node similarities. Our embeddings consistently outperform prior techniques for Edit Distance Approximation and Closest String Retrieval tasks.

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Kacper Kapuśniak, Manuel Burger, Gunnar Rätsch, Amir Joudaki. 2023-12-06. Learning Genomic Sequence Representations using Graph Neural Networks over De Bruijn Graphs. https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.03865

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