Signatures of Small-scale Structure of the Pre-reionization Intergalactic Medium in $z\gtrsim7$ Quasar Proximity Zones

Abstract

The small-scale structure of baryons in the intergalactic medium is intimately linked to their past thermal history. Prior to the $\gtrsim10^4$ K photoheating during the epoch of reionization, cold baryons may have closely traced the clumpy cosmic web of dark matter down to scales as low as $\lesssim1$ comoving kpc, depending on the degree of heating by the X-ray background. After the passage of the ionization front, this clumpy structure can persist for $\sim10^{8}$ years. The strong Ly$\alpha$ damping wings detected towards a few of the highest redshift quasars, in addition to their smaller-than-expected Ly$\alpha$-transmissive proximity zones, suggest that they have ionized and heated the foreground intergalactic medium less than $10^7$ years ago. Signatures of the pre-reionization small-scale structure should thus persist in their intergalactic surroundings. Here we explore how the persistence of this clumpy structure can affect the statistics of Ly$\alpha$ transmission inside the transparent proximity zones of $z\gtrsim7$ quasars by post-processing a suite of small-volume hydrodynamical simulations with 1D ionizing radiative transfer. We find that the Ly$\alpha$ flux power spectrum and flux PDF statistics of ten $z=7.5$ proximity zones, with realistic observational parameters, could distinguish the gaseous structure of a $T_{\rm IGM}\sim2$ K CDM model from warm dark matter models with particle masses $m_{\rm WDM}>10$ keV and X-ray heated models with $f_{\rm X}f_{\rm abs}>0.1$ ($T_{\rm IGM}(z=7.5)\gtrsim275$ K) at the $2\sigma$ level.