Particle imbalanced weakly interacting quantum droplets in one-dimension

Abstract

We explore the formation of one-dimensional two-component quantum droplets with intercomponent particle imbalance using an ab-initio many-body method. It is shown that for moderate particle imbalance each component maintains its droplet flat-top or Gaussian type character depending on the intercomponent attraction. Importantly, large particle imbalance leads to a flat-top shape of the majority component with the minority exhibiting spatially localized configurations. The latter imprint modulations on the majority component which become more pronounced for increasing interspecies attraction. The same holds for larger mass or increasing repulsion of the minority species. Such structural transitions are also evident in the underlying two-body correlation functions. To interpret the origin and characteristics of these droplet states we derive an effective model based on the established Lee-Huang-Yang theory providing adequate qualitative analytical predictions even away from its expected parametric region of validity. In contrast, the droplet character is found to vanish in the presence of fermionic minority atoms. Our results pave the way for unveiling complex droplet phases of matter.