Stable higher-order vortex quantum droplets in an annular potential

Liangwei Dong; Mingjing Fan; Boris A. Malomed

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arXiv · 2401.07011

Stable higher-order vortex quantum droplets in an annular potential

Liangwei Dong·Mingjing Fan·Boris A. Malomed

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Abstract

We address the existence, stability, and evolution of two-dimensional vortex quantum droplets (VQDs) in binary Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in a ring-shaped potential. The interplay of the Lee-Huang-Yang-amended nonlinearity and trapping potential supports two VQD branches, controlled by the radius, width and depth of the potential profile. While the lower-branch VQDs, bifurcating from the system's linear modes, are completely unstable, the upper branch is fully stable for all values of the topological charge $m$ and potential's parameters. Up to $m=12$ (at least), stable VQDs obey the {\it anti-Vakhitov-Kolokolov} criterion. In the limit of an extremely tight radial trap, the modulational instability of the quasi-1D azimuthal VQDs is studied analytically. We thus put forward an effective way to produce stable VQDs with higher vorticity but a relatively small number of atoms, which is favorable for experimental realization.

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Liangwei Dong, Mingjing Fan, Boris A. Malomed. 2024-01-13. Stable higher-order vortex quantum droplets in an annular potential. https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.07011

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