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arXiv · 2401.11566

A detectable ultra-high-energy cosmic ray outburst from GRB 221009A

Hao-Ning He·B. Thoedore Zhang·Yi-Zhong Fan
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Abstract

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been proposed as one of promising sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), but observational evidence is still lacking. The nearby B.O.A.T. (brightest of all time) GRB 221009A, an once-in-1000-year event, is able to accelerate protons to $\sim 10^{3}$ EeV. Protons arriving at the Milky Way are dominated by neutron-decay-induced protons. The inter-galactic magnetic fields would not yield a sizable delay of the $\geq 10{\rm~EeV}$ cosmic rays if its strength is $\lesssim 10^{-13}{\rm~G}$, while Galactic magnetic fields would cause a significant time delay. We predict that, an UHECR burst from GRB 221009A would be detectable by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the TA$\times$4, within $\sim$ 10 years. The detection of such an UHECR outburst will provide the direct evidence for UHECR acceleration in GRBs.

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Hao-Ning He, B. Thoedore Zhang, Yi-Zhong Fan. 2024-01-21. A detectable ultra-high-energy cosmic ray outburst from GRB 221009A. https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.11566

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