Constructing monoidal structures on fibered categories via factorizations

Abstract

Let $\mathcal{S}$ be a small category, and suppose that we are given two (non-full) subcategories $\mathcal{S}^{sm}$ and $\mathcal{S}^{cl}$ that generate all morphisms of $\mathcal{S}$ under composition in the same way as morphisms of quasi-projective algebraic varieties are generated by smooth morphisms and closed immersions. We show that a monoidal structure on a given $\mathcal{S}$-fibered category is completely determined by its restrictions to $\mathcal{S}^{sm}$ and $\mathcal{S}^{cl}$; in fact, any such pair of monoidal structures satisfying a natural coherence condition uniquely determines a monoidal structure over $\mathcal{S}$. The same principle applies to morphisms of $\mathcal{S}$-fibered categories and monoidality thereof. Under further assumptions on the subcategories $\mathcal{S}^{sm}$ and $\mathcal{S}^{cl}$, and with suitable restrictions on the $\mathcal{S}$-fibered categories and morphisms involved, we provide a variant of the above factorization method in which inverse images under closed immersion are partially replaced by the corresponding direct images: the latter variant is more adapted to the setting of perverse sheaves.