X-ray variability of the triplet star system LTT1445 and evaporation history of the exoplanets around its A component

Abstract

The high-energy environment of the host stars could be deleterious for their planets. It is crucial to ascertain this contextual information to fully characterize the atmospheres of terrestrial exoplanets. We aim to fully characterize a unique triple system, LTT1445, with three known rocky exoplanets around LTT 1445A. The X-ray irradiation and flaring of this system are studied through a new 50 ks Chandra observation, which is divided into 10 ks, 10 ks, and 30 ks segments conducted two days apart, and two months apart, respectively. This is complemented by an archival Chandra observation approximately one year earlier and repeated observations with eROSITA (extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array), the soft X-ray instrument on the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) mission, enabling the investigation of X-ray flux behavior across multiple time scales. With the observed X-ray flux from the exoplanet host star A, we estimate the photo-evaporation mass loss of each exoplanet. With the planet modeling package, VPLanet, we predict the evolution and anticipated current atmospheric conditions. Our Chandra observations indicate LTT 1445C as the dominant X-ray source, with additional contribution from LTT 1445B. LTT 1445A, a slowly-rotating star, exhibits no significant flare activity in the new Chandra dataset. Comparing the flux incident on the exoplanets, LTT 1445BC components do not pose a greater threat to the planets orbiting LTT 1445A than the emission from A itself. According to the results from the simulation, LTT 1445Ad might have the capacity to retain its water surface.