Geometrodynamics of a 2D Curved Surface due to a Constrained Quantum Particle via its Gravitational Dual: $\mathbf{\mathcal{S}^2}$ Analytical Model Calculations

Abstract

We provide a unique and novel extension of da Costa's calculation of a quantum mechanically constrained particle. This is achieved by analyzing the perturbative back reaction of the quantum confined particle's eigenstates and spectra upon the geometry of the curved surface itself, thereby addressing the problem of shape optimization in this model. We do this by first formulating a two-dimensional action principle of the quantum constrained particle, which upon variation of the wave function reproduces Schr\"odinger's equation including da Costa's surface curvature-induced potentials. We further demonstrate that our derived action principle is dual to a two-dimensional dilation gravity theory and we vary its functional with respect to the embedded two-dimensional inverse-metric to obtain the respective geometrodynamical Einstein equation. We solve this resulting Einstein equation perturbatively by first solving the da Costa's Schr\"odinger equation to obtain an initial eigensystem, which is used as initial-input data for a perturbed metric inserted into the derived Einstein equation. As a proof of concept, we perform this calculation on a two-sphere and show its first iterative perturbed shape evolution. We also turn on external electromagnetic fields and formulate the full field theoretic field equations for future investigation. The external fields manifest themselves via a surface induced, pulled-back $U(1)$ coupling in our two-dimensional dual gravity theory, thereby revealing interesting and rich new surface physics in this specific paradigm.