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arXiv · 2402.12378

Observation of a phase transition from a continuous to a discrete time crystal

Phatthamon Kongkhambut·Jayson G. Cosme·Jim Skulte·Michelle A. Moreno Armijos·Ludwig Mathey·Andreas Hemmerich·Hans Keßler
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Abstract

Discrete (DTCs) and continuous time crystals (CTCs) are novel dynamical many-body states, that are characterized by robust self-sustained oscillations, emerging via spontaneous breaking of discrete or continuous time translation symmetry. DTCs are periodically driven systems that oscillate with a subharmonic of the external drive, while CTCs are continuously driven and oscillate with a frequency intrinsic to the system. Here, we explore a phase transition from a continuous time crystal to a discrete time crystal. A CTC with a characteristic oscillation frequency $\omega_\mathrm{CTC}$ is prepared in a continuously pumped atom-cavity system. Modulating the pump intensity of the CTC with a frequency $\omega_{\mathrm{dr}}$ close to $2\,\omega_\mathrm{CTC}$ leads to robust locking of $\omega_\mathrm{CTC}$ to $\omega_{\mathrm{dr}}/2$, and hence a DTC arises. This phase transition in a quantum many-body system is related to subharmonic injection locking of non-linear mechanical and electronic oscillators or lasers.

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Phatthamon Kongkhambut, Jayson G. Cosme, Jim Skulte, Michelle A. Moreno Armijos, Ludwig Mathey, Andreas Hemmerich, Hans Keßler. 2024-02-19. Observation of a phase transition from a continuous to a discrete time crystal. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ad6585

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