Effective codescent morphisms of $n$-quasigroups and $n$-loops

Abstract

Effective codescent morphisms of $n$-quasigroups and of $n$-loops are characterized. To this end, it is proved that, for any $n\geq 1$, every codescent morphism of $n$-quasigroups (resp. $n$-loops) is effective. This statement generalizes our earlier results on qusigroups and loops. Moreover, it is shown that the elements of the amalgamated free products of $n$-quasigroups (resp. $n$-loops) have unique normal forms, and that the varieties of $n$-quasigroups and $n$-loops satisfy the strong amalgamation property. The latter two statements generalize the corresponding old results on quasigroups and loops by Evans.