Designing for Complementarity: A Conceptual Framework to Go Beyond the Current Paradigm of Using XAI in Healthcare

Elisa Rubegni; Omran Ayoub; Stefania Maria Rita Rizzo; Marco Barbero; Guenda Bernegger; Francesca Faraci; Francesca Mangili; Emiliano Soldini; Pierpaolo Trimboli; Alessandro Facchini

arXiv · 2404.04638

Designing for Complementarity: A Conceptual Framework to Go Beyond the Current Paradigm of Using XAI in Healthcare

Elisa Rubegni·Omran Ayoub·Stefania Maria Rita Rizzo·Marco Barbero·Guenda Bernegger·Francesca Faraci·Francesca Mangili·Emiliano Soldini·Pierpaolo Trimboli·Alessandro Facchini

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Abstract

The widespread use of Artificial Intelligence-based tools in the healthcare sector raises many ethical and legal problems, one of the main reasons being their black-box nature and therefore the seemingly opacity and inscrutability of their characteristics and decision-making process. Literature extensively discusses how this can lead to phenomena of over-reliance and under-reliance, ultimately limiting the adoption of AI. We addressed these issues by building a theoretical framework based on three concepts: Feature Importance, Counterexample Explanations, and Similar-Case Explanations. Grounded in the literature, the model was deployed within a case study in which, using a participatory design approach, we designed and developed a high-fidelity prototype. Through the co-design and development of the prototype and the underlying model, we advanced the knowledge on how to design AI-based systems for enabling complementarity in the decision-making process in the healthcare domain. Our work aims at contributing to the current discourse on designing AI systems to support clinicians' decision-making processes.

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Elisa Rubegni, Omran Ayoub, Stefania Maria Rita Rizzo, Marco Barbero, Guenda Bernegger, Francesca Faraci, Francesca Mangili, Emiliano Soldini, Pierpaolo Trimboli, Alessandro Facchini. 2024-04-06. Designing for Complementarity: A Conceptual Framework to Go Beyond the Current Paradigm of Using XAI in Healthcare. https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.04638

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